UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

The courses in Business Studies and Accountancy are introduced at + 2 stages of Senior Secondary Education as formal commerce education is provided after the first ten years of schooling. Therefore, it becomes necessary that instructions in these subjects are given in such a manner that students have a good understanding of the principles and practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the society.
Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. To understand the framework in which a business operates, a detailed study of the organization and management of business processes and its interaction with the environment is required.

Globalization has changed the way organizations transact their business. Information Technology is becoming a part of business operations in more and more organizations. Computerized systems are fast replacing other systems. E-business and other related concepts are picking up fast which need to be emphasized in the curriculum.

The course in Business Studies prepares students to analyze, manage, evaluate and respond to changes which affect business. It provides a way of looking at and interacting with the business environment.  recognizes the fact that business influences and are influenced by social, political, legal and economic forces.
It allows students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and develops an understanding of many social and ethical issues. Therefore, to acquire basic knowledge of the business world, a course in Business Studies would be useful. It also informs students of a range of study and work options and bridges the gap between school and work.

Objectives For UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus To:

• Develop students with an understanding of the processes of business and its environment;
• To acquaint students with the dynamic nature and inter-dependent aspects of the business;
• Develop an interest in the theory and practice of business, trade, and industry;
• Familiarize students with theoretical foundations of the process of organizing and managing the operations of a business firm;
• Help students appreciate the economic and social significance of business activity and the social cost and benefits arising therefrom;
• Acquaint students with the practice of managing the operations and resources of business;
• Enable students to act more effectively and responsibly as consumers, employers, employees, and citizens;
• Develop a business attitude and skills in students.
• Inculcate appropriate attitude and develop skills among students to pursue higher education, the world of work including self-employment.

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

One Paper: 3 Hours Theory: 80 Marks
Project: 20 Marks

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management: 120 Periods

The concept includes meaning and features
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management: 14 Periods

Unit 2: Principles of Management: 14 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 3: Business Environment 12 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 4: Planning: 14 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 5: Organising: 18 Periods

Unit 6: Staffing: 16 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 7: Directing: 18 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 8: Controlling 14 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing: 120 Periods
The concept includes meaning and features
Unit 9: Financial Management: 22 Periods

Unit 10: Financial Markets: 20 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 11: Marketing Management: 32 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Unit 12: Consumer Protection: 16 Periods

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

CLASS XII: GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS

Students are supposed to select one unit out of four and are required to make only ONE project from the selected unit. (Consist of one project of 20 marks)

1. Help students to select any ONE Topic for the entire year.
2. The topic should be assigned after discussion with the students in the class and should then be discussed at every stage of the submission of the project.
   The teacher should play the role of a facilitator and should closely supervise the process of project completion. The teachers must ensure that the project work assigned to the students whether individually or in the group are discussed at different stages right from assignment to drafts review and finalization. Students should be facilitated in terms of providing relevant materials or suggesting websites or obtaining required permissions from business houses, malls etc for their project. The periods assigned to the Project Work should be suitably spaced throughout the academic session. The teachers MUST ensure that the student actually goes through the rigors and enjoy the process of doing the project rather than depending on any readymade material available outside.
3. The students must make a presentation of the project before the class.
4. The teachers must ensure that the student’s self-esteem and creativity is enhanced and both the teacher and the student enjoy this process.
5. The teachers should feel pride in the fact that they have explored the different dimensions of the project in an innovative way and their students have put in genuine work.

I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment
The teachers should help the students in selecting any one element of the following:

1. Changes witnessed over the last few years on the mode of packaging and its economic impact. The teacher may guide the students to identify the following changes:

• The changes in the transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard crates being used in place of wooden crates, etc. Reasons for the above changes.
• Milk is supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetra-pack and through vending machines.
• Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining a preference for wooden furniture.
• The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.
• Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and cloth bags.
• Reuse of packaging [bottles, jars, and tins] to attract customers to their products.
• The concept of pyramid packaging for milk.
• Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.
• Packaging used as means of advertisements.

1. The reasons behind changes in the following:

   Coca-Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thums up and Campa Cola in the eighties to Pepsi and Coke in nineties.
   The teacher may guide the students to the times when India sold Coca-Cola and Fanta which were being manufactured in India by the foreign companies.
   The students may be asked to inquire about

• Reasons for stopping the manufacturing of the above-mentioned drinks in India THEN.
• The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.
• Re-entry of Coke and the introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.
• Factors responsible for the change.
• Other linkages with the above.
• Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.
• Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.
• The rating of the above brands in the market.
• The survival and reasons for failure in competition with international brands.
• Other observations made by the students
  The teacher may develop the following on the above lines

1. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families, nuclear families, women as a bread earner of the family, changes in the requirement trend of mixers, washing machines, microwave and standard of living.
2. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different Products.
3. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.
4. A study on child labor laws, its implementation, and consequences.
5. The state of ‘anti-plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects, and implementation.
6. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules, and regulations, licenses required for running that business.
7. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product. (Dishwasher, Atta maker, etc)

II. Project Two: Principles of Management
The students are required to visit any one of the following:

1. A departmental store.
2. An Industrial unit.
3. A fast food outlet.
4. Any other organization approved by the teacher.
   They are required to observe the application of the general Principles of management advocated by Fayol.
   Fayol’s principles
   1. Division of work.
   2. Unity of command.
   3. Unity of direction.
   4. Scalar chain
   5. Espirit de corps
   6. Fair remuneration to all.
   7. Order.
   8. Equity.
   9. Discipline
   10. Subordination of individual interest to general interest.
   11. Initiative.
   12. Centralization and decentralization.
   13. Stability of tenure.

OR

They may inquire into the application of scientific management techniques by F.W.
Taylor in the unit visited.
Scientific techniques of management.

1. Functional foremanship.
2. Standardization and simplification of work.
3. Method study.
4. Motion Study.
5. Time Study.
6. Fatigue Study
7. Differential piece rate plan.

Tips to teacher

1. The teacher may organize this visit.
2. The teacher should facilitate the students to identify any unit of their choice and guide them to identify the principles that are being followed.
3. Similarly, they should guide the students to identify the techniques of scientific management implemented in the organization.
4. It may be done as a group activity.
5. The observations could be on the basis of

• The different stages of division of work resulting in specialization.
• Following instructions and accountability of subordinates to higher authorities.
• Visibility of order and equity in the unit.
• The balance of authority and responsibility.
• Communication levels and pattern in the organization.
• Methods and techniques followed by the organization for unity of direction and coordination amongst all.
• Methods of wage payments followed. The arrangements of fatigue study.
• Derivation of time study.
• Derivation and advantages of method study.
• Organizational chart of functional foremanship.
• Any other identified in the organization

1. It is advised that students should be motivated to pick up different areas of the visit. As presentations of different areas in the class would help in better understanding to the other students.
2. The students may be encouraged to develop worksheets. Teachers should help students to prepare observation tools to be used for undertaking the project. Examples; worksheets, questionnaire, interviews and organizational chart etc.

III. Project Three: Stock Exchange

The purpose of this project is to teach school students the values of investing and utilizing the stock market. This project also teaches important lessons about the economy, mathematics, and financial responsibility.
The basis of this project is to learn about the stock market while investing a specified amount of fake money in certain stocks. Students then study the results and buy and sell as they see fit.
This project will also guide the students and provide them with the supplies necessary to successfully monitor stock market trends and will teach students how to calculate profit and loss on the stock.
The project work will enable the students to:

• understand the topics like sources of business finance and capital market
• understand the concepts used in stock exchange
• inculcate the habit of watching business channels, reading business journals/newspapers and seeking information from their elders.

The students are expected to UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

1. Develop a brief report on the History of Stock Exchanges in India. (your country)
2. Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.
3. To make an imaginary portfolio totaling a sum of Rs. 50,000 equally in any of the 5 companies of their choice listed above over a period of twenty working days.

The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily basis and
present it diagrammatically on the graph paper For UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

• They will understand the weekly holidays and the holidays under the Negotiable Instruments Act.
  They will also come across with terms like closing prices, opening prices, etc.
• During this period of recording, students are supposed to distinctively record the daily and starting and closing prices of the week other days under the negotiable instrument act so that they acquire knowledge about closing and opening prices.
• The students may conclude by identifying the causes in the fluctuations of prices. Normally it would be related to the front page news of the business journal, for example,
• Change of seasons.
• Festivals.
• The spread of an epidemic.
• Strikes and accidents
• Natural and human disasters.
• Political environment.
• Lack of faith in government policies.
• Impact of changes in government policies for the specific industry.
• International events.
• Contract and treaties at the international scene.
• Relations with neighboring countries.
• Crisis in developed countries, etc.

The students are expected to find the value of their investments and accordingly rearrange their portfolio. The project work should cover the following aspects;

1. Graphical presentation of the share prices of different companies on different dates.
2. Change in market value of shares due to change of seasons, festivals, natural and human disasters.
3. Change in market value of shares due to the change in the political environment/ policies of various countries/crisis in developed countries or any other reasons
4. Identify the top ten companies out of the 25 selected on the basis of their market value of shares.
   It does not matter if they have made profits or losses.

IV. Project Four: Marketing

1. Adhesives
2. Air conditioners
3. Baby diapers
4. Bathing Soap
5. Bathroom cleaner
6. Bike
7. Blanket
8. Body Spray
9. Bread
10. Breakfast cereal
11. Butter
12. Camera
13. Car
14. Cheese spreads
15. Chocolate
16. Coffee
17. Cosmetology product
18. Crayons
19. Crockery
20. Cutlery
21. Cycle
22. DTH
23. Eraser
24. e-wash
25. Fairness cream
26. Fans
27. Fruit candy
28. Furniture
29. Hair Dye
30. Hair Oil
31. Infant dress
32. Inverter
33. Jams
34. Jeans
35. Jewelry
36. Kurti
37. Ladies bag
38. Ladies footwear
39. Learning Toys
40. Lipstick
41. Microwave oven
42. Mixers
43. Mobile
44. Moisturizer
45. Music player
46. Nail polish
47. Newspaper
48. Noodles
49. Pen
50. Pen drive
51. Pencil
52. Pickles
53. Razor
54. Ready Soups
55. Refrigerator
56. RO system
57. Roasted snacks
58. Salt
59. Sarees
60. Sauces/ Ketchup
61. Shampoo
62. Shaving cream
63. Shoe polish
64. Shoes
65. Squashes
66. Suitcase/ airbag
67. Sunglasses
68. Tea
69. Tiffin Wallah
70. Toothpaste
71. Wallet
72. Wash detergent
73. Washing machine
74. Washing powder
75. Water bottle
76. Water storage tank
77. Wipes

Any more as suggested by the teacher.
The teacher must ensure that the identified product should not be items whose consumption/use is discouraged by society and government like alcohol products/pan masala and tobacco products, etc.
Identify one product/service from the above which the students may like to manufacture/provide [pre-assumption].
Now the students are required to make a project on the identified product/service keeping in mind the following:

1. Why have they selected this product/service?
2. Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.
3. What permission and licenses would be required to make the product?
4. What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition?[U.S.P.]?
5. Does your product have any range give details?
6. What is the name of your product?
7. Enlist its features.
8. Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.
9. Draw a logo for your product.
10. Draft a tagline.
11. What is the selling price of your competitor’s product?
    1. Sell price to the consumer
    2. Selling price to the retailer
    3. Selling price to the wholesaler

What is the profit margin in percentage to the

• Manufacturer.
• wholesaler.
• Retailer.

12. How will your product be packaged?
13. Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for selection?
14. Decisions related to warehousing, state reasons.
15. What is going to be your selling price?
    1. To consumer
    2. Retailer
    3. To wholesaler
16. List 5 ways of promoting your product.
17. Any schemes for
    1. The Wholesaler
    2. The retailer
    3. The consumer
18. What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?
19. What means of transport you will use and why?
20. Draft a social message for your label.
21. What cost-effective techniques will you follow for your product?
22. What cost-effective techniques will you follow for your promotion plan?

At this stage, the students will realize the importance of the concept of the marketing mix and
the necessary decision regarding the four Ps of marketing.

• Product
• Place
• Price
• Promotion

On the basis of the work done by the students, the project report should include the
following:

1. Type of product /service identified and the (consumer/industries) process involved therein.
2. Brand name and the product.
3. The range of the product.
4. Identification mark or logo.
5. Tagline.
6. Labeling and packaging.
7. Price of the product and basis of price fixation.
8. Selected channels of distribution and reasons thereof.
9. Decisions related to transportation and warehousing. State reasons.
10. Promotional techniques used and starting reasons for deciding the particular technique.
11. Grading and standardization.

Presentation and Submission of Project Report

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project report.
Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.

1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.
2. A project should be handwritten.
3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.
4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence

• The cover page should include the title of the Project, student information, school and year.
• List of contents.
• Acknowledgments and preface (acknowledging the institution, the places visited and the persons who have helped).
• Introduction.
• Topic with a suitable heading.
• Planning and activities are done during the project if any.
• Observations and findings of the visit.
• Conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study).
• Photographs (if any).
• Appendix
• Teacher’s observation.
• Signatures of the teachers.
• At the completion of the evaluation of the project, it should be punched in the center so that the report may not be reused but is available for reference only.
• The project will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best projects.

ASSESSMENT

UK Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Allocation of Marks = 20 Marks
The marks will be allocated under the following heads:

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