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Geography as a Discipline class 11 Notes Geography

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Geography as a Discipline class 11 Notes Geography

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CBSE Class 11 Geography
Revision Notes
UNIT I CHAPTER 1
Geography as a Discipline class 11 Notes Geography

This unit deals with
1. Geography as an integrating discipline; as a science of spatial attributes
2. Branches of geography: importance of physical geography
3. What is geography?
4. Relation between man and nature?
5. Development of geography
6. Relation between geography and other subjects
7. Geography answers the questions where? What? & Why?
8. Relation between Physical Geography and Natural Science’
9. Geography and social science relation.
10. Branches of Geography Based on Systematic Approach and Regional Approach
11. Physical geography and its importance.

WHY SHOULD WE STUDY GEOGRAPHY?
1. We live on the earth’s surface
2. Our lives are affected many ways by our surroundings
3. We depend on the resources available from the earth surface
4. Primitive societies substituted on the plants and animals
5. Food, shelter, and dress are depending on the climate
6. Cropping pattern is based on climate of the place
7. To know the changes taken place throughout the geological time
8. To know the lands and people
9. Develop skills to convert globe to map
10. To have visual sense of the earth surface

What are the recent techniques that helped the geographer to understand the earth’s surface better?
1. GIS (Geographic Information Systems) & GPS (Global Positioning System )
2. COMPUTER CARTOGRAPHY
3. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

(1 ERATOSTHENES)
The earth consists of physical and cultural features. They are different from one place to another. This difference helped to understand the relation between physical and cultural features. Physical features provided the stage and human societies enacted the drama to develop their skills. With the use of skills and tools, he modified the nature

“GEOGRAPHY IS THE DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH.”

Who was the first to coin the term ‘Geography’?
ERATOSTHENES, A GREEK SCHOLAR (276-194 BC)in the third century. His famous book was called ‘Geographia.’

What is the origin of the word ‘Geography’?
The word ‘geography ‘ is derived from two Greek words geo= earth, graphos=description.
Some scholars defined geography as the description of the earth as the abode of human beings.

How can we say that the earth is ‘multidimensional’?
Many Sciences developed to describe the physical features of the earth such as Geology, Pedology, Oceanography Botany Zoology and Meteorology & Cultural features of the earth such as Economics, History, Sociology Political Science, Anthropology,

How does Geography differ from other subjects?
Geography differs from other subjects in terms of matter and methodology. Geography derives its data from Social Sciences and Natural Sciences.

What do you mean by ‘areal differentiation’?
Areal differentiation represents one of the classic philosophical approaches to geographic inquiry. A central concept of areal differentiation is that the surface of the earth may be divided into regions, which may be distinguished and categorised using various spatial criteria. Thus, areal differentiation provides the theoretical foundation for regional geography, by conceptualising space as consisting of identifiable units that may be distinguished from one another on the basis of a set of phenomena or criteria. When there is similarity and dissimilarity among the physical and cultural features on the earth surface, it is called aerial differentiation.

What do Geographers study?
A geographer is a scholar whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth’s natural environment and human society.They study the variations and association of the features on the earth surface e.g. Cropping pattern differs from place to place and it is due to difference in the climate, soil, demand, transport facility, capacity of the farmer.
A geographer also studies the cause and effect relationships.
The interaction between man and nature is highly dynamic and not static; so it is also called as the study of the relation between unstable earth and untrusting man.

What is the relation between man and nature?
Humans are sophisticated and evolved animals who have modified the natural environment to make it suitable for living. While human dependency on nature has been decreased over the process of evolution, people still demonstrate many forms of nature contentedness. This includes emotional attachment to nature, perception of themselves as a part of nature, and activities aimed at nature protection. Human is an integral part of nature and nature has imprints of man.

What is the effect of nature on man?
Being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature, reduces anger, fear, and stress and increases pleasant feelings. Exposure to nature not only makes you feel better emotionally, it contributes to your physical well being, reducing blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension, and the production of stress hormones. It may even reduce mortality. Food clothing, shelter and occupation of man are decided by the nature

How does technology help man?
–to loosen the shackles of the physical conditions.
–to develop resources and utilise them.
–to reach the higher needs of the life. It increased the production of the crops& mobility of labor.

Describe the dialogue between nature and man.
You created the soil, I created the cup,
You created night, I created the lamp.
You created wilderness, hilly terrains and deserts;
I created flower beds and gardens.

Explain the changes occurred in the civilization of man in course of time?
1. Man moved from stage of necessity to stage of freedom.
2. Created new possibilities from the nature
3. We find now humanized nature and naturalised man
4. Space got organized with the help of transport and communication.

What does Geography study?

Geography is the study of Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It is, quite simply, about the world in which we live. Geography is unique in bridging the social sciences (human geography) with the natural sciences (physical geography). It also studies spatial organization and spatial integration.

Which are the three questions concerned with Geography?
(i) Some questions are related to the identification of the patterns of natural
and cultural features as found over the surface of the earth. These are the
questions about what?
(ii) Some questions are related to the distribution of the natural and human/
cultural features over the surface of the earth. These are the questions about where? (iii)The third question is related to the explanation or the causal relationships
between features and the processes and phenomena. This aspect of geography
is related to the question, why?

How can we say that Geography is an integrated discipline?
It is a discipline of synthesis; it includes spatial and temporal synthesis.
Its approach is holistic in nature. it recognizes the fact that the world is a system of interdependence. The present world is a global village. The efficient transport and communication helped the world to become unified village. The audiovisual media helped the data to be enriched. Technology provided better chances of monitoring natural phenomena as well as the economic and social parameters. Geography as an integrating discipline has interface with numerous natural and social sciences.

What is the basic objective of Sciences & Social Sciences?
The basic aim of Science and Social Science is to understand the reality of the nature.

Explain the relationship of Geography with other subjects?
2 RELATION WITH OTHER SUBJECTS

How do other subjects help Geography as an integrated subject?
History helps in knowing the man-made activities; Physics helps to calculate the effect of climate on man. Economics helps to understand the effect of human activities on the development of the country. The geographical factors modified the course of history. The change in the climate has influence on the occupation.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL SCIENCE

Define the relation of geography with Natural Science.
All branches of physical Geography have close relation with Natural Sciences. Biogeography has close link with Zoology and Botany.

(3ALEXANDERVAN HUMBOLDT)
Mathematics and Arts also have contributed to the development of Geography to measure the area and dimensions of the earth. Cartography and projections are based on mathematics.

Explain the contribution of social science to the Human geography.
History of geographical thought is the mother of all branches of geography. Sociology, political science, economics provide the aspects of social reality. Population geography has close link with demography.
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
BASED ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACH INTRODUCED BY Alexander Von Humboldt, a German geographer (1769-1859

4 KARL RITTER

What is the importance of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY?
Physical geography includes study of Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere & Biosphere- each element is very important for human beings.
Landforms provide base for agriculture, industries, transport and communication, and settlements. Mountains provide water to rivers, forests-center for tourist spots.
Climate influences on the cropping pattern, livestock, food and clothes of the people.
limate and precipitation influence the type of forests. Oceans provide food, water transport, and influence the climate; they are the source of hydrological cycle. (i) Geomorphology is devoted to the study of land forms, their evolution and related processes.
(ii) Climatology encompasses the study of structure of atmosphere and elements of weather and climates and climatic types and regions.
(iii) Hydrology studies the realm of water over the surface of the earth including oceans, lakes, rivers and other water bodies and its effect on different life forms including human life and their activities.
(iv) Soil Geography is devoted to study the processes of soil formation, soil types, their fertility status, distribution and use


Geography as a Discipline class 11 Notes

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CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points

Geography as a Discipline class 11 Notes Geography. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

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